Management Information System

Option: D
Explanation :unstructured data usually refers to information that doesn’t reside in a traditional row-column database.
Unstructured data files often include text and multimedia content. Examples include e-mail messages, word processing documents, videos, photos, audio files, presentations, webpages and many other kinds of business documents. Note that while these sorts of files may have an internal structure, they are still considered “unstructured” because the data they contain doesn’t fit neatly in a database.

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Option: C
Explanation :Electronic publishing (also referred to as e-publishing or digital publishing or online publishing) includes the digital publication of e-books, digital magazines, and the development of digital libraries and catalogs. It also includes an editorial aspect, that consists of editing books, journals or magazines that are mostly destined to be read on a screen (computer, e-reader, tablet, smartphone).

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Option: E
Explanation :First-line management or operational management is the level directly responsible for employees. By choosing their own goals on a daily, weekly or monthly basis, first-line management accomplishes the objectives of middle management. The scope of operational management covers departments, sections or teams.
Inventory, scheduling and budgeting are examples of plans and decisions that operational managers adopt.

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Option: A
Explanation :Upper management must translate the vast scope of mission and vision into concrete achievements over time. In other words, upper management needs a strategic plan. Decisions related to strategy involve company-wide matters enacted over the long term. The goals are what the company hopes to accomplish at least a year – more often five years – into the future.

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Option: D
Explanation :Once upper management decides the overall direction of the company, it’s up to middle management to choose smaller tactical objectives that put together accomplish strategic goals.
Middle managers create tactical plans, which have more detail than strategic plans. The tactics often are geared toward some function or department such as production, where a possible objective could involve some measurable efficiency or quality improvement.

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Option: C
Explanation :unstructured decisions are made in instances in which all elements of the business environment—customer expectations, competitor response, cost of securing raw materials, etc.—are not completely understood (new product and marketing strategy decisions commonly fit into this category).
Unstructured decision systems typically focus on the individual who or the team that will make the decision. These decision makers are usually entrusted with decisions that are unstructured because of their experience or expertise; it is their individual ability that is of value.

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Option: A
Explanation :In software engineering and systems engineering, a functional requirement defines a function of a system or its component, where a function is described as a specification of behavior between outputs and inputs.
Functional requirements may involve calculations, technical details, data manipulation and processing, and other specific functionality that define what a system is supposed to accomplish.
Behavioral requirements describe all the cases where the system uses the functional requirements, these are captured in use cases.

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Option: C
Explanation :It is a fixed address in memory. The term absolute distinguishes it from a relative address, which indicates a location by specifying a distance from another location. Absolute addresses are also called real addresses and machine addresses.
An explicit identification of hardware, such as a memory location, peripheral device, or location within a device. For example, memory byte 107,443, disk drive 2 and sector 238 are absolute addresses. Although the action may have been initiated through many “layers of abstraction” at a higher level, some instruction in some software routine must use an absolute address to activate every hardware component in the computer.

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