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Option: C
Explanation :Rousseau developmental stages are 5.
1. Infancy (Birth to 2 years):
Rousseau emphasizes the importance of the mother’s role in nurturing and breastfeeding.
2. The Age of Nature (2-12 years):
Rousseau suggests at this stage children are free to explore and learn through experience, with minimal verbal instruction or moralizing.
3. Pre-adolescence (12-15 years):
Rousseau suggests this is a time for developing practical skills and understanding social interactions.
4. Adolescence (15-20 years):
Emotions become more powerful. Rousseau believed that reason, when well-developed, can help individuals navigate these emotions and moral dilemmas.
5. Early Adulthood (20-25 years):
This stage involves finding a life partner (like Sophie in “Emile”) and establishing oneself in society.

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Option: B
Explanation :Dewey developed pragmatic philosophy and applied it to education.
He was philosopher and educational reformer. He developed a pragmatic philosophy and extensively applied it to field of education. He believed that education should be a social and interactive process. He emphasize hands-on experience, problem-solving, and the development of practical skills.

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Option: D
Explanation :Educational Philosophy of Frobel emphasized Idealism, nationalism, child freedom.He believed children learn best through self-directed activities and exploration. He has also emphasized that the children should be given free opportunities to grow according to their needs. Froebel emphasised the importance of unity and connectedness in education.

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Option: D
Explanation :National Education Commission was established in 1958. It was inaugurated by President Ayub Khan on January 5, 1959. National Education Commission was established under the headship of S.M Sharif. Commission was tasked for reforming the existing education system to meet the nation’s needs. It objectives was compulsory religious education, equality in education for boys and girls.

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Option: A
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Option: C
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Option: C
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Option: B
Explanation :National Education Policy 1998-2010 was announced in March, 1998. The ministry of education designed a new education policy in January 1998.The policy was announced in March 1998. Major objectives of National Education Policy 1998-2010 included making the Quranic principles and Islamic practices on integral part of education system, to achieve universal primary education, to meet the basic educational needs of every individual, to expand the basic education to ensure opportunity of higher education.
This policy could not be implemented due to the untrained teachers and lack of quality of education.

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Option: D
Explanation :National conference was held at Islamabad in April, 1991 under the chairman of the Federal Education Minister. In this conference scolars, writers, newspaper editors, scientists, teachers and lawyers proposals for preparing the Education Policy. The Policy was announced in December 1992.The major aspects and goals of this policy include: Promotion of Islamic values through education, improvement in women’s education, demand oriented curriculum, expanding span of graduation and post graduation.
This policy could not be implemented due to the change in political scenario of country.

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Option: A
Explanation :Education Minister of Pakistan announced this policy in October 1978.The work plan of the policy was presented in December 1978.The policy was announced in February 1979.
The strategies to achieve the goals are curriculum revision, merging madrassas and traditional education, Urdu as a medium of education, linked scientific and technical education, separate set up for males and females.
This policy was also not implemented properly and failed due to lack of planning and financial resources.

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