Everyday Science & General Science

Option: D
Explanation :Thyroid Glands and Goiter are caused due to iodine deficiency in human body. Certain amount of iodine in your body to make a chemical known as thyroid hormone. Thyroid hormone controls our metabolism and other body functions. If metabolism is not controlled then it results in problems of goiter. A goiter is swelling in the neck that make enlarged thyroid gland. A goiter is related with a thyroid that is not functioning properly. Our body doesn’t naturally make iodine, so only way to get this nutrient is through diet.

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Option: C
Explanation :A region is arid when it is characterized by a severe lack of available water, to the extent of hindering or preventing the growth and development of plant and animal life. Environments subject to arid climates tend to lack vegetation and are called xeric or desertic. Most “arid” climates straddle the Equator; these places include parts of Africa, Asia, South America, Central America, and Australia.

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Option: A
Explanation :Ptyalin is an enzyme that is part of your saliva and aids with digestion. Enzymes are compounds that help speed up chemical reactions. In the case of saliva, the enzymes help speed up reactions that break down the food you eat. Even before food makes it to your stomach it begins to break down, and enzymes help make the process go smoothly.
Ptyalin helps digestion by breaking down starches and glycogens as they enter your mouth. After the starches and glycogen are covered with saliva, they are broken down into maltose and glucose — simple sugars that can be used more readily by the body. After the ptyalin speeds up the chemical reaction that breaks down these molecules, it simply unbinds from them and binds to a different set of molecules. Ptyalin can be used again and again, and this is what allows us to continue eating starches and glycogen.

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Option: C
Explanation :In the 1960s a second type of polio vaccine, known as oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) or Sabin vaccine, named for its inventor American physician and microbiologist Albert Sabin, was developed. OPV contains live attenuated (weakened) virus and is given orally.

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Option: A
Explanation :Polio vaccine, preparation of poliovirus given to prevent polio, an infectious disease of the nervous system. The first polio vaccine, known as inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) or Salk vaccine, was developed in the early 1950s by American physician Jonas Salk. This vaccine contains killed virus and is given by injection. The large-scale use of IPV began in February 1954, when it was administered to American schoolchildren. In the following years, the incidence of polio in the United States fell from 18 cases per 100,000 people to fewer than 2 per 100,000.
Jonas Salk became a national hero when he allayed the fear of polio with his vaccine, approved in 1955. Although it was the first polio vaccine, it was not to be the last; Albert Sabin introduced an oral vaccine in the 1960s that replaced Salk’s.

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Option: C
Explanation :A biliary obstruction is a blockage of the bile ducts. The bile ducts carry bile from the liver and gallbladder through the Pancreas to the duodenum (Parts of the small intestine). Bile is a dark green or Yellowish brown fluid secreted by the liver to digest fats. After you eat the gallbladder releases bile to help in digestion and fat absorption. Bile also helps clear the liver of waste products.

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Option: D
Explanation :Seat of memory in human brain is located in Cerebellum, Cortex and Cerebrum. The Cerebrum is one correct answer, but it’s the cerebral cortex where that memory is held. So cortex is also a correct answer. On the other hand cerebellum holds other kinds off-memory, so that’s correct answer too.
The human brain is hugely interconnected but three major components can be identified:
I. The cerebrum
II. The cerebellum
III. The brain stem
Role of Cerebellum:-
The cerebellum plays an important role in balance and motor control. As a result cerebellum involved in some cognitive functions such as attention, language, emotional functions and in the processing of procedural memories.
Most importantly the cerebrum (or forebrain) makes up 75% of the brain by volume and 85% by weight. It is divided by a large groove, known as the longitudinal fissure, into two distinct hemispheres. The left and right hemispheres (“left” and “right” refer to the owner’s point of view, not an outside viewer’s) are linked by a large bundle of nerve fibres called the corpus callosum, further also by other smaller connections called commissures.
The cerebrum is covered by a sheet of neural tissue known as the cerebral cortex (or neocortex). Cerebral cortex envelops other brain organs such as the thalamus, the hypothalamus and pituitary gland.
Firstly thalamus evolved to help relay information from the brain stem and spinal cord to the cerebral cortex. Secondly pituitary gland control visceral functions, body temperature and behavioural responses such as feeding, drinking, sexual response, aggression and pleasure.
Role of Cerebral Cortex:-
The cerebral cortex plays a key role in memory, attention, perceptual awareness, thought, language and consciousness. It is divided into four main regions or lobes, which cover both hemispheres.
The frontal lobe involved in conscious thought and higher mental functions such as decision-making, particularly. This part of the frontal lobe known as the prefrontal cortex. In addition prefrontal cortex plays an important part in processing short-term memories and retaining longer term memories. Therefore The seat of memory in the human brain is located in Cerebellum, Cortex, Cerebrum

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Option: C
Explanation :The human skeleton is the internal framework of the human body. It is composed of around 270 bones at birth – this total decreases to around 206 bones by adulthood after some bones get fused together. The bone mass in the skeleton reaches maximum density around age 21. The human skeleton can be divided into the axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton. The axial skeleton is formed by the vertebral column, the rib cage, the skull and other associated bones. The appendicular skeleton, which is attached to the axial skeleton, is formed by the shoulder girdle, the pelvic girdle and the bones of the upper and lower limbs.
The human skeleton performs six major functions; support, movement, protection, production of blood cells, storage of minerals, and endocrine regulation.

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Option: D
Explanation :The summer solstice occurs during summer.This is the June solstice in the Northern Hemisphere and the December solstice in the Southern Hemisphere. Depending on the shift of the calendar, the summer solstice occurs sometime between June 20 and June 22 in the Northern Hemisphere and between December 20 and December 23 in the Southern Hemisphere.The same dates in the opposite hemisphere are referred to as the winter solstice.

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Option: C
Explanation :The winter solstice December 22 marks the shortest day of the year. A solstice occurs twice a year, when the sun’s position in the sky, as viewed from Earth, reaches its farthest points north and south from the celestial equator. According to the Meteorology Department on December 22, with sunrise at 7:06am and sunset at 5:07pm, the day would be 10.1 hours long. Henceforth, the days would start lengthening and nights shortening form December 23.

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