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Option: B
Explanation : The management science modeling process helps businesses to improve their operations through the use of scientific methods and the development of specialized techniques. It is the process of re searching for an optimal solution to the existing problem. Management science modeling process provides systematic, analytical and general approaches to the problem solving for decision-making, regardless of the nature of the system, product, or service. Management science modeling process is the application of scientific methods to complex organizational problems. Models are aimed at assisting the decision-maker in decision-making process. Management science modeling process is one of the innovative decision making tool of the twentieth century.

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Option: D
Explanation :Information : Information is the product of data processing. Information is interrelated data. Information is equivalent to finished goods produced after processing the raw material.
Characteristics of Information :Following are the essential characteristic features :
i) Timeliness : Timeliness means that information must reach the recipients within the prescribed timeframes.
ii) Accuracy : Information should be accurate. It means that information should be free from mistakes, errors &, clear.
iii) Relevance : Information is said to be relevant if it answers especially for the recipient what, why, where, when, who and why? In other words, the MIS should serve reports to managers which is useful and the information helps them to make decisions.
iv) Adequacy : Adequacy means information must be sufficient in quantity, i.e. MIS must provide reports containing information which is required in the deciding processes of decision-making.
v) Completeness : The information which is given to a manager must be complete and should meet all his needs.
vi) Explicitness : A report is said to be of good quality if it does not require further analysis by the recipients for decision making.
vii) Impartiality : Impartial information contains no bias and has been collected without any distorted view of the situation.

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Option: A
Explanation :Mr. Yasir Humayun belongs to Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf, he is the current Minister for Higher Education in Punjab. He held this post on 28th August 2018. He becomes also a Minister of punjab for Punjab Information Technology Board (PITB) on 22nd July 2019.

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Option: A
Explanation :A Management Information System (MIS) converts data from INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL SOURCES into information in an APPROPRIATE FORM to managers at DIFFERENT LEVELS in an organisation to enable them to make effective DECISIONS or to MONITOR/CONTROL the performance of their employees.
Information comes from internal and external sources. Internal information includes data from transaction processing. External information includes market research, intelligence gathering about the activities of competitors, information about social trends, economic factors, government legislation, and so on.

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Option: D
Explanation :The purpose of MIS is reporting and is to provide the necessary information to the managers and supervisors at various levels to help them to discharge their functions of organising, planning, control and decision making.
MIS is a scientific way of collecting; processing, storing and communicating information relating to the various activities of an organisation to the various levels of management so that management may be facilitated in discharging its functions efficiently and run the organisation in an efficient manner for the betterment of all.

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Option: D
Explanation :unstructured data usually refers to information that doesn’t reside in a traditional row-column database.
Unstructured data files often include text and multimedia content. Examples include e-mail messages, word processing documents, videos, photos, audio files, presentations, webpages and many other kinds of business documents. Note that while these sorts of files may have an internal structure, they are still considered “unstructured” because the data they contain doesn’t fit neatly in a database.

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Option: C
Explanation :Electronic publishing (also referred to as e-publishing or digital publishing or online publishing) includes the digital publication of e-books, digital magazines, and the development of digital libraries and catalogs. It also includes an editorial aspect, that consists of editing books, journals or magazines that are mostly destined to be read on a screen (computer, e-reader, tablet, smartphone).

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Option: E
Explanation :First-line management or operational management is the level directly responsible for employees. By choosing their own goals on a daily, weekly or monthly basis, first-line management accomplishes the objectives of middle management. The scope of operational management covers departments, sections or teams.
Inventory, scheduling and budgeting are examples of plans and decisions that operational managers adopt.

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Option: A
Explanation :Upper management must translate the vast scope of mission and vision into concrete achievements over time. In other words, upper management needs a strategic plan. Decisions related to strategy involve company-wide matters enacted over the long term. The goals are what the company hopes to accomplish at least a year – more often five years – into the future.

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Option: D
Explanation :Once upper management decides the overall direction of the company, it’s up to middle management to choose smaller tactical objectives that put together accomplish strategic goals.
Middle managers create tactical plans, which have more detail than strategic plans. The tactics often are geared toward some function or department such as production, where a possible objective could involve some measurable efficiency or quality improvement.

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