Protocols

Option: C
Explanation :ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) is an error-reporting protocol network devices like routers use to generate error messages to the source IP address when network problems prevent delivery of IP packets. ICMP creates and sends messages to the source IP address indicating that a gateway to the Internet that a router, service or host cannot be reached for packet delivery. Any IP network device has the capability to send, receive or process ICMP messages.
ICMP messages are transmitted as datagrams and consist of an IP header that encapsulates the ICMP data. ICMP packets are IP packets with ICMP in the IP data portion. ICMP messages also contain the entire IP header from the original message, so the end system knows which packet failed

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Option: B
Explanation :The DHCP employs a connectionless service model, using the User Datagram Protocol (UDP). It is implemented with two UDP port numbers for its operations.The DHCP employs a connectionless service model, using the User Datagram Protocol (UDP). It is implemented with two UDP port numbers for its operations
UDP (User Datagram Protocol) is an alternative communications protocol to Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) used primarily for establishing low-latency and loss-tolerating connections between applications on the internet.
Both UDP and TCP run on top of the Internet Protocol (IP) and are sometimes referred to as UDP/IP or TCP/IP.Where UDP enables process-to-process communication, TCP supports host-to-host communication. TCP sends individual packets and is considered a reliable transport medium; UDP sends messages, called datagrams, and is considered a best-effort mode of communications.

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Option: A
Explanation :Network Control Protocol is used to help identify the Network layer protocol used in the packet.
Network Control Protocol (NCP) is a set of protocols forming a part of Point − to − Point Protocol (PPP). PPP is a data link layer protocol that is used to transmit multiprotocol data between two directly connected (point-to-point) computers. PPP is composed of link control protocol (LCP), authentication protocol (AP) and network control protocol (NCP). NCPs are used for negotiating the parameters and facilities for the network layer. For every higher-layer protocol supported by PPP, one NCP is there.

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