Basic IT

Option: D
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Option: C
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Option: A
Explanation :A computer possesses information automatically. Computer is an electronic machine used to solve different problems according to a set of instructions given to it. A computer can accept data, process data into useful information and store it for later use.
Computer can be used as calculating machine to produce results at very high speed but the calculation is not the only use of computer. People use computers to solve different problems quickly and easily. So computer has changed the way of life.
A computer possesses information. The processed data is called information. In other words information is an organized and processed form of data. Information is more meaningful than data and it is used for making decisions. Further, Data is used as input for the processing and information is the output of this processing. The central processing unit CPU processes data into information.
A series of steps used to convert data into useful information is called information processing cycle. Different steps in the information processing cycle are as follows:
i. Input
ii. Processing
iii. Output
iv. Storage

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Option: D
Explanation :A computer program is a collection of instructions that performs a specific task when executed by a computer. Most computer devices require programs to function properly.
A computer program is usually written by a computer programmer in a programming language. From the program in its human-readable form of source code, a compiler or assembler can derive machine code—a form consisting of instructions that the computer can directly execute.
There are also bad programs, called malware, written by people who want to do bad things to a computer. Some are spyware, trying to steal information from the computer. Some try to damage the data stored on the hard drive. Some others send users to web sites that offer to sell them things. Some are computer viruses or ransomware.

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Option: B
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Option: B
Explanation :A bit (short for binary digit) is the smallest unit of data in a computer. A bit has a single binary value, either 0 or 1. Although computers usually provide instructions that can test and manipulate bits, they generally are designed to store data and execute instructions in bit multiples called bytes. In most computer systems, there are eight bits in a byte. The value of a bit is usually stored as either above or below a designated level of electrical charge in a single capacitor within a memory device.
Half a byte (four bits) is called a nibble. In some systems, the term octet is used for an eight-bit unit instead of byte. In many systems, four eight-bit bytes or octets form a 32-bit word. In such systems, instruction lengths are sometimes expressed as full-word (32 bits in length) or half-word (16 bits in length).

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Option: C
Explanation :A computer is capable of performing any task that can be Reduced to a series of logical steps.
In reality, computers are not very smart on their own. In order to perform all the tasks, humans fed a series of instructions into a computer that tells him how to behave and perform when faced a particular type of problem. Moreover, these series of instructions are known as a computer program or software. The process of feeding or storing instructions into the computer is known as computer programming. The person who knows how to write a computer program correctly is known as a programmer.
Most importantly computer can’t understand English, Urdu or any other common language. Computer have their own special languages, designed by computer scientists. Programmers write computer programs in these special languages called programming languages. Java, C, C++, C#, Python are some of the most commonly used programming languages. Therefore, computer is capable of performing any task that can be Reduced to a series of logical steps.

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Option: D
Explanation :The use of computer for business applications is attractive because computer have reliability, speed, secrete code facility, accuracy, validity, efficiently etc..

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Option: A
Explanation :Modern computer are compared to earlier computers by Faster and Smaller.

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Option: D
Explanation :A computer derives its basic strength from speed, reliability, accuracy, storage, versatility, consistency, communication, recalling, control sequence and cost reductions.

I. Speed:-

Computer processes data at a very high speed. It is much faster than human beings. A computer can perform billions of calculations in a second. Computer speed is measured in Mega Hertz (MHz) or Giga Hertz (GHz).

II. Reliability:-

Computer is very reliable because in modern computer electronic components rarely break or fail.

III. Accuracy:-

Accuracy means that the computer provides results without any errors. Computer can process large amounts of data and produce results accurately. Computer result can be wrong only if the data given is not correct.

IV. Storage/Memory:-

Computer can store a large amount of data permanently or temporarily. People can use permanently stored data at any time. For example a computer can store thousands of books easily.

V. Versatility:-

Computer is a versatile machine so it can perform different types of tasks. That is why it is being used in every field of life. Computer is used in hospital, bank, office, and at home etc.

VI. Consistency:-

Computer works in a consistent way. It does not lose concentration due to heavy work. In other words, computer does not become tired or bored.

VII. Communication:-

Computer have capability to communicate with other computers. Therefore, these computers can share data, instructions, and information.

VIII Recalling:-

A computer can recall the stored data and information as and when required. In addition, computer can recall the required data in a few seconds.

IX Cost Reduction:-

Computer can perform a difficult task in less time and less cost.
In short, a computer derives its basic strength from speed, reliability, accuracy, storage, versatility, consistency, communication, recalling, control sequence and cost reductions.

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