Discoveries and Inventions

Option: C
Explanation :In the 1960s a second type of polio vaccine, known as oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) or Sabin vaccine, named for its inventor American physician and microbiologist Albert Sabin, was developed. OPV contains live attenuated (weakened) virus and is given orally.

Click Here..

Please comment below with correct answer and it’s detail explanation.

Option: A
Explanation :Polio vaccine, preparation of poliovirus given to prevent polio, an infectious disease of the nervous system. The first polio vaccine, known as inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) or Salk vaccine, was developed in the early 1950s by American physician Jonas Salk. This vaccine contains killed virus and is given by injection. The large-scale use of IPV began in February 1954, when it was administered to American schoolchildren. In the following years, the incidence of polio in the United States fell from 18 cases per 100,000 people to fewer than 2 per 100,000.
Jonas Salk became a national hero when he allayed the fear of polio with his vaccine, approved in 1955. Although it was the first polio vaccine, it was not to be the last; Albert Sabin introduced an oral vaccine in the 1960s that replaced Salk’s.

Click Here..

Please comment below with correct answer and it’s detail explanation.

Option: B
Explanation :Researchers in Japan claim that they have developed artificial blood that can be transfused into people irrespective of their blood type and can substantially boost the chances of recovery in critically injured people. The artificial blood has proved highly effective on rabbits and was developed by a team of experts based primarily at the National Defense Medical College.
The artificial blood, when used in humans, works around the issue of identifying blood types in critical situations and helps deal with limits on real blood storage from donors as the artificial blood can be stored at normal temperatures for more than a year. Manabu Kinoshita, an associate professor of immunology at the National Defense Medical College and a member of the team said:
It is difficult to stock a sufficient amount of blood for transfusions in such regions as remote islands. The artificial blood will be able to save the lives of people who otherwise could not be saved.

Click Here..

Please comment below with correct answer and it’s detail explanation.

Option: A
Explanation :A Ph.D. student at the University of Alberta has discovered a new and curious mineral inside a diamond unearthed from a mine in South Africa. The mineral—named “goldschmidtite” in honor of Victor Moritz Goldschmidt, the founder of modern geochemistry—has an unusual chemical signature for a mineral from Earth’s mantle, explained Nicole Meyer, a graduate student in the Diamond Exploration Research and Training School.
“Goldschmidtite has high concentrations of niobium, potassium and the rare earth elements lanthanum and cerium, whereas the rest of the mantle is dominated by other elements, such as magnesium and iron,” said Meyer. “For potassium and niobium to constitute a major proportion of this mineral, it must have formed under exceptional processes that concentrated these unusual elements.”
The study, “Goldschmidtite, (K,REE,Sr)(Nb,Cr)O3: a New Perovskite Supergroup Mineral Found in Diamond from Koffiefontein, South Africa,” was published in American Mineralogist.

Click Here..

Please comment below with correct answer and it’s detail explanation.

Option: D
Explanation :From medieval Italy to the 19th century France, four major inventors contributed to the rise of the bicycle. Some created true innovations, others improved upon earlier models, but only one man is today regarded as the true inventor of the bicycle. Frenchman Pierre Michaux (together with his son Ernest and partner Pierre Lallement) created first pedal based bicycle during early 1860s. That moment started long and successfully history of bicycle that we all know and use today.
Final great landmark of bicycle history happened in 1885 with the appearance of John Kemp Starley’s “safety bicycle”. Equipped with standardized metal frame, rear wheel chain drive and pneumatic wheels, this model became instant success. Everyone was able to drive it, and its use became widespread all across the world.

Click Here..

Please comment below with correct answer and it’s detail explanation.

Option: A
Explanation :While the Sikorsky name is forever linked to helicopters, Igor Sikorsky (1889-1972) was a versatile aviation designer and developer whose 50-year career included pioneering work on fixed wing aircraft and flying boats, all before returning to his first love, helicopters, and creating the first practical one.
By 1939, Sikorsky’s VS-300 was ready to make its first flight. “It was the first practical, workable helicopter that could do everything it was supposed to do, fly, hover and deal with all the different aspects that people were trying to solve with torque and lift,” Cochrane says.
The VS-300 became the model for all modern single-rotor helicopters, and in 1941, Sikorsky Aircraft got its first contract from the U.S. Army Air Corps for an observation helicopter that became known for life-saving missions in military and civil emergencies.

Click Here..

Please comment below with correct answer and it’s detail explanation.

Option: B
Explanation :The Wright brothers, Orville and Wilbur were two American aviation pioneers generally credited with inventing, building, and flying the world’s first successful airplane. They made the first controlled sustained flight of a powered heavier-than-air aircraft with the Wright Flyer on December-17-1903, four miles south of Kitty Hawk, North Carolina. In 1904–05, the brothers developed their flying machine into the first practical fixed-wing aircraft the Wright Flyer III. Although not the first to build experimental aircraft, the Wright brothers were the first to invent aircraft controls that made fixed-wing powered flight possible.

Click Here..

Please comment below with correct answer and it’s detail explanation.

Option: C
Explanation :The telescope is one of humankind’s most important inventions. The simple device that made far away things look near gave observers a new perspective.
The first person to apply for a patent for a telescope was a Dutch eyeglass maker named Hans Lippershey (or Lipperhey). In 1608, Lippershey laid claim to a device that could magnify objects three times. His telescope had a concave eyepiece aligned with a convex objective lens.
In 1609, Galileo Galilei heard about the “Dutch perspective glasses” and within days had designed one of his own — without ever seeing one. He made some improvements — his could magnify objects 20 times — and presented his device to the Venetian Senate. Galileo was the first to point a telescope skyward. He was able to make out mountains and craters on the moon, as well as a ribbon of diffuse light arching across the sky — the Milky Way. He also discovered the rings of Saturn, sunspots and four of Jupiter’s moons.

Click Here..

Please comment below with correct answer and it’s detail explanation.

Option: C
Explanation :In a bid to minimize the risks encumbering the miners Ali Gul a Computer Engineering graduate of Balochistan University of Information Technology Engineering and Management Sciences (BUITEMS) got an idea of an ‘eye smart helmet’.
The ‘eye smart helmet’ utilizes modern technology to monitor the mine’s conditions, explosion risks, amount of toxic gases, and the health vitals of workers in a particular mine. Ali Gul stated in his tweet that the device is a need of the hour and should be installed into the operating mines immediately.
Ali developed the device with the help of two other individuals, Muhammad Azeem, an entrepreneurship and business operations expert, and Muhammad Jawad, a chartered accountant well-versed in finance modeling, operations, investments, and corporate affairs.

Click Here..

Please comment below with correct answer and it’s detail explanation.

Option: C
Explanation :Evangelista Torricelli was an Italian physicist and mathematician, best known for his invention of the barometer, but is also known for his advances in optics and work on the method of indivisibles.

Click Here..

Please comment below with correct answer and it’s detail explanation.