Space and Planets

Option: B
Explanation :Nicolaus Copernicus proposed heliocentric model of the solar system. He placed the Sun at the center rather than the Earth. He explained the work in his book “On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres”. He presented the idea that the Earth along with other planets revolves around the Sun.

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Option: B
Explanation :The Spanish-led team wrote in the journal Science that the newly confirmed planet did not form the usual, gradual way, where a solid core of merging particles takes shape before a gas buildup. Instead, in a surprise to scientists, the planet seems to have arisen straight from gas.
Lead author Juan Carlos Morales of the Institute of Space Studies of Catalonia said the planet may be almost as big as its star. A year there is about 200 days.
The planet orbiting this particularly small and cool red dwarf star, officially known as GJ 3512, is at least half the mass of Jupiter. Scientists are unable to measure its dimensions, but models indicate it may be comparable to Jupiter in size, according to Morales.
Astronomers have discovered a gas Jupiter like planet which has been named as “GJ 3512 b” which orbits around a dwarf star that is located about 30 light years from the sun. The planet completes one orbit around the star every 7 months(204 days) and has a mass about half that of Jupiter. A Spanish-German resarch consortium called CARMENES detected the GJ 3512 b planet

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Option: C
Explanation :The Kounotori8, which means ‘white stork’, is the world’s biggest transport spaceship according to Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency(JAXA). HTV-8 is the eighth mission of robotic Kounotori8 cargo ship to resupply the International Space Station (ISS). It was meant to lift-off on September 11, 6.33 AM JST from Tanegashima Space Center in Minamitane, Japan. However, the launch was aborted when a fire broke out at 3:05 AM JST.
The launch was then rescheduled to September 24, 1:30 AM JST, but eventually the launch date was postponed again. The launch provider, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, delayed the launch after analysis of the ISS and Soyuz spacecraft as there was a possibility that the second stage of the H-IIB rocket might approach the Soyuz spacecraft after separation.
Finally, on September 25 at 1:05 a.m JST, the H-IIB launch vehicle lifted off from the Tanegashima Space Center. The spaceship will arrive on the ISS on September 28. The resupply mission will deliver about 5.3 tonnes of supplies to the astronauts aboard the ISS, including fresh food, water, batteries and devices required for experiments.
According to NASA, the spaceship is carrying six new lithium-ion batteries and adapter plates that are meant to replace the older nickel-hydrogen batteries powering the station’s far port truss segment. A series of robotics and spacewalks will be required for changing the batteries. Experiments aboard the spaceship are an upgrade to the Cell Biology Experiment Facility (CBEF-L), a small-sized satellite optical communication system (SOLISS), and a payload for testing the effects of gravity on powder and granular material (Hourglass).

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Option: A
Explanation : Namira Salim the first Pakistani to reach the North and South Pole will soon become the first Pakistani to travel into space as well.
Talking to the Orlando Sentinel at the Apollo 11 mission’s 50th anniversary, she said that she is inspired to do more. “So first of all, I think I should go as far as possible on Earth before I break the orbit,” she says.
44-year-old Salim has a $200,000 ticket for the suborbital flight of Virgin Galactic, a British spaceflight company. She is one of the founding members of famous billionaire Richard Branson’s space tourism company.

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Option: D
Explanation :Dennis Anthony Tito is an American engineer and multimillionaire, most widely known as the first space tourist to fund his own trip into space. In mid-2001, he spent nearly eight days in orbit as a crew member of ISS EP-1, a visiting mission to the International Space Station. This mission was launched by the spacecraft Soyuz TM-32, and was landed by Soyuz TM-31.

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Option: B
Explanation :NASA’s Spitzer Space Telescope was launched in 2003 on a mission to spend five years exploring the cosmos in infrared light. That means it excels at capturing images and chemical signatures of warm objects, like the glow of gas in nebulae and galaxies, or the composition of planets in still-forming alien solar systems. It even found a new ring of Saturn.
In recent years, it’s been operating with just one instrument, as the other two succumbed to the elements and ceased functioning. Despite its diminished capacity, the telescope is still delivering ground-breaking science. Now, NASA has finally decided to shut down the aging telescope. It will be switched off January 30, 2020.

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Option: A
Explanation :NASA’s Mars InSight lander has measured and recorded for the first time ever a likely “marsquake.” The faint seismic signal, detected by the lander’s Seismic Experiment for Interior Structure (SEIS) instrument, was recorded on April 6. This is the first recorded trembling that appears to have come from inside the planet, as opposed to being caused by forces above the surface, such as wind. It has recorded a quake of 2 or 2.5 magnitude which is hard to predict on Earth’s surface. InSight is part of NASA’s Discovery Program, managed by the agency’s Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Alabama

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