Everyday Science

Option: D
Explanation :Oncology is the study of cancer. An oncologist is a doctor who treats cancer and provides medical care for a person diagnosed with cancer. The field of oncology has three major areas: medical, surgical, and radiation.
A medical oncologist treats cancer using chemotherapy or other medications, such as targeted therapy or immunotherapy.
A surgical oncologist removes the tumor and nearby tissue during surgery. He or she also performs certain types of biopsies to help diagnose cancer.
A radiation oncologist treats cancer using radiation therapy.
An oncologist manages a patient’s care throughout the course of the disease. This starts with the diagnosis. His or her role includes:

I. Explaining the cancer diagnosis and stage
II. Talking about all treatment options and his or her preferred choice
III. Delivering quality and compassionate care
IV. Helping a patient manage the symptoms and side effects of cancer and cancer treatment.

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Option: B
Explanation :Researchers in Japan claim that they have developed artificial blood that can be transfused into people irrespective of their blood type and can substantially boost the chances of recovery in critically injured people. The artificial blood has proved highly effective on rabbits and was developed by a team of experts based primarily at the National Defense Medical College.
The artificial blood, when used in humans, works around the issue of identifying blood types in critical situations and helps deal with limits on real blood storage from donors as the artificial blood can be stored at normal temperatures for more than a year. Manabu Kinoshita, an associate professor of immunology at the National Defense Medical College and a member of the team said:
It is difficult to stock a sufficient amount of blood for transfusions in such regions as remote islands. The artificial blood will be able to save the lives of people who otherwise could not be saved.

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Option: A
Explanation :A Ph.D. student at the University of Alberta has discovered a new and curious mineral inside a diamond unearthed from a mine in South Africa. The mineral—named “goldschmidtite” in honor of Victor Moritz Goldschmidt, the founder of modern geochemistry—has an unusual chemical signature for a mineral from Earth’s mantle, explained Nicole Meyer, a graduate student in the Diamond Exploration Research and Training School.
“Goldschmidtite has high concentrations of niobium, potassium and the rare earth elements lanthanum and cerium, whereas the rest of the mantle is dominated by other elements, such as magnesium and iron,” said Meyer. “For potassium and niobium to constitute a major proportion of this mineral, it must have formed under exceptional processes that concentrated these unusual elements.”
The study, “Goldschmidtite, (K,REE,Sr)(Nb,Cr)O3: a New Perovskite Supergroup Mineral Found in Diamond from Koffiefontein, South Africa,” was published in American Mineralogist.

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Option: D
Explanation :The summer solstice occurs during summer.This is the June solstice in the Northern Hemisphere and the December solstice in the Southern Hemisphere. Depending on the shift of the calendar, the summer solstice occurs sometime between June 20 and June 22 in the Northern Hemisphere and between December 20 and December 23 in the Southern Hemisphere.The same dates in the opposite hemisphere are referred to as the winter solstice.

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Option: C
Explanation :The winter solstice December 22 marks the shortest day of the year. A solstice occurs twice a year, when the sun’s position in the sky, as viewed from Earth, reaches its farthest points north and south from the celestial equator. According to the Meteorology Department on December 22, with sunrise at 7:06am and sunset at 5:07pm, the day would be 10.1 hours long. Henceforth, the days would start lengthening and nights shortening form December 23.

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Option: B
Explanation :A barometer is a scientific instrument used to measure atmospheric pressure, also called barometric pressure. The atmosphere is the layers of air wrapped around the Earth. That air has a weight and presses against everything it touches as gravity pulls it to Earth. Barometers measure this pressure.

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Option: D
Explanation :Discovered in 1928 and put to use to cure infections in 1942 this is arguably the most important drug discovery in the history of medicine. It began the era of antibiotics and ushered in advances in therapeutic medicine. In fact, there’s a good chance you wouldn’t be reading this if not for the drug, as it likely prevented an infection in yourself or one of your ancestors.
The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates that antibiotic resistance is responsible for more than 2 million infections and 23,000 deaths each year.
Some other Wonder Drugs are Aspirin, Viagra, Birth control pill, Lipitor, Insulin, Thorazine, HN-2/Mechlorethamine, AZT, Ritalin

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Option: C
Explanation :If you were traveling at the speed of light you could fly around the world 7 and a half times in one second.
Einstein’s theory of special relativity sets of the speed of light, 186,000 miles per second or 300,000 km/s or 670,616,629 miles per hour pr 299,792,458 metres per second. But some scientists are exploring the possibility that this cosmic speed limit changes.
The speed of light in a vacuum is 186,282 miles per second (299,792 kilometers per second), and in theory nothing can travel faster than light. If you could travel at the speed of light, you could go around the Earth 7.5 times in one second.

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Option: A
Explanation :Einstein’s theory of special relativity sets of the speed of light, 186,000 miles per second/300,000 km/s (299,792,458 metres per second). But some scientists are exploring the possibility that this cosmic speed limit changes.
The speed of light in a vacuum is 186,282 miles per second (299,792 kilometers per second), and in theory nothing can travel faster than light and in theory nothing can travel faster than light. If you could travel at the speed of light, you could go around the Earth 7.5 times in one second.

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Option: A
Explanation :Superconductivity is the ability of certain materials to conduct electric current with practically zero resistance. This capacity produces interesting and potentially useful effects. For a material to behave as a superconductor, low temperatures are required.
Superconductivity was first observed in 1911 by H. K. Onnes, a Dutch physicist. His experiment was conducted with elemental mercury at 4 degrees kelvin (approximately -452 degrees Fahrenheit), the temperature of liquid helium.

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