Computer Science

Option: A
Explanation :A bit is a 1 or 0. A nibble is 4 bits. A byte is 8 bits. A kilobyte is 1,024 bytes. A megabyte is 1,048,576 bytes. A gigabyte is 1,073,741,824 (2^30) bytes. A terabyte is 1,099,511,627,776 (2^40) bytes. A petabyte is 1,125,899,906,842,624 (2^50) bytes. An exabyte is 1,152,921,504,606,846,976 (2^60) bytes. A zettabyte is 1,180,591,620,717,411,303,424 (2^70) bytes. A yottabyte is 1,208,925,819,614,629,174,706,176 (2^80) bytes

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Option: A
Explanation :Vacuum Tube is the technology which was used in first generation of computer. The period of First Generation of computer was 1946-1959. Vacuum Tubes were the basic components for memory and circuitry for CPU(Central Processing Unit). Vacuum Tubes are look like electric bulb and produce lot of heat. In First Generation of computer batch processing operating system was used. Punch cards, paper tape, magnetic tape was used as input output devices. In this generation machine code was used as programming language.
Vacuum tubes are unreliable, very costly, generates lot of heat, huge size, consume lot of electricity.
Some important computer of first generations are:- ENIAC, EDVAC, UNIVAC, IBM-701, IBM-750.

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Option: B
Explanation : Charles Babbage is called the father of computer or computing. He invented Difference Engine(1822) and Analytical Engine(1833).
Difference Engine(1822) was a calculating machine. It was more than a simple calculator. Like modern computers the Difference Engine had storage, where data could be held temporarily. it uses only arithmetical addition and get rid of the need for multiplication and division. The Difference Engine can only do one operation. Difference Engine was a digital device, it operate on discrete digits and these digits were decimal (0–9), they are represented by positions on toothed wheels. When one of the toothed wheels turned from 9 to 0, it move the next wheel to advance one position, carrying the digit.
Analytical Engine(1833) was considered the first general purpose computer. It was much more than a calculator. It contained an Arithmetic Logic Unit(ALU), basic flow control, and memory. Analytical Engine has many essential features found in the modern digital computer. It was programmable using punched cards. The Analytical Engine had a ‘Store’ where numbers and results could be held like memory in modern computers. Analytical Engine also has a separate ‘Mill’ where the arithmetic processing was performed like CPU(Central Processing Unit) in modern computers. It was also capable of functions like conditional branching, iteration, microprogramming and many others others.

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Option: A
Explanation :The father of computer science is Alan Turing. Alan Turing is considered to be the father of computer science and artificial intelligence. His Turing machines formal and simple devices that based on the concepts of algorithm and computation played an important role in creation of the modern computer. Turing was also a codebreaker in World War II, that helps to end the war and saving thousands of lives. During World War II, Turing helped to develop a machine that cracked the Enigma code used by Nazi Germany.
After the war Turing worked on the Automatic Computing Engine (ACE), although his ACE was never built. Alan Turing proposing a test to determine whether a computer is “intelligent”. The Turing test was based on the theory that a computer could ‘think’. His ‘Turing test’ is still used as for examining whether a machine considered to be thinking.

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Option: D
Explanation :The process of retrieving existing data from memory is called Read, Read From, Read Out. All these term have same meaning in computer science.

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Option: C
Explanation :FoxPro is a computer programming language. Visual FoxPro was procedural programming language that subsequently became object-oriented. It was derived from FoxPro (originally called FoxBASE). It was developed by Fox Software beginning in 1984. Fox Technologies merged with Microsoft in 1992 after which the software acquired further features and the prefix “Visual”. FoxPro 2.6 worked on Mac OS, DOS, Windows, and Unix.

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Option: C
Explanation :UNIVAC stands for Universal Automatic Computer. It was developed by J. Presper Eckert and John Mauchly in 1951. It was the first commercially produced electronic digital computer. UNIVAC used 5000 vacuum tubes for computation. It weighed 16,000 pounds and could perform 1000 calculations per second. UNIVAC belongs to first generation of computer.

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Option: B
Explanation :UNIVAC stands for Universal Automatic Computer. It was developed by J. Presper Eckert and John Mauchly in 1951. It was the first commercially produced electronic digital computer. UNIVAC used 5000 vacuum tubes for computation. It weighed 16,000 pounds and could perform 1000 calculations per second. UNIVAC was first generation computer.

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Option: D
Explanation :Main Memory is also called Volatile, temporary, and Ram. Volatile memory only store data when it is connected to power so it is temporary. The best example is Ram(Random Access Memory).

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Option: D
Explanation :An area of main memory that is reserved by the programmer for storing temporary or intermediate values. Also known as working space.
In COBOL (computer language), a section in the data division used for describing the name, structure, usage, and initial value of program variables that are neither constants nor records of input/output files.

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