Computer Science

Option: A
Explanation :A router is hardware device designed to receive, analyze and move incoming packets to another network. It may also be used to convert the packets to another network interface, drop them, and perform other actions relating to a network.
A router has a lot more capabilities than other network devices, such as a hub or a switch that are only able to perform basic network functions.
A router is a common type of gateway — positioned where two or more networks meet, including at each point of presence on the internet. Hundreds of routers might forward a single packet as it moves from one network to the next on the way to its final destination.

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Option: D
Explanation :Phishing is a form of fraud in which an attacker masquerades as a reputable entity or person in email or other communication channels. The attacker uses phishing emails to distribute malicious links or attachments that can perform a variety of functions, including the extraction of login credentials or account information from victims.
Phishing is popular with cybercriminals, as it is far easier to trick someone into clicking a malicious link in a seemingly legitimate phishing email than trying to break through a computer’s defenses.

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Option: A
Explanation :Frames are also an extensive part of knowledge representation and reasoning schemes. Frames were originally derived from semantic networks and are therefore part of structure based knowledge representations. According to Russell and Norvig’s “Artificial Intelligence, A Modern Approach,” structural representations assemble “…facts about particular object and event types and arrange the types into a large taxonomic hierarchy analogous to a biological taxonomy.”
The frame contains information on how to use the frame, what to expect next, and what to do when these expectations are not met. Some information in the frame is generally unchanged while other information, stored in “terminals,” usually change. Terminals can be considered as variables. Top level frames carries information, that is always true about the problem in hand, however, terminals do not have to be true. Their value might change with the new information encountered. Different frames may share the same terminals.

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Option: C
Explanation :Information system, an integrated set of components for collecting, storing, and processing data and for providing information, knowledge, and digital products. Business firms and other organizations rely on information systems to carry out and manage their operations, interact with their customers and suppliers, and compete in the marketplace. Information systems are used to run inter organizational supply chains and electronic markets.
The first large-scale mechanical information system was Herman Hollerith’s census tabulator. Hollerith’s machine represented a major step in automation, as well as an inspiration to develop computerized information systems.
One of the first computers used for such information processing was the UNIVAC I, installed at the U.S. Bureau of the Census in 1951 for administrative use and at General Electric in 1954 for commercial use.

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Option: C
Explanation :The term fuzzy mean things which are not very clear or vague. In real life, we may come across a situation where we can’t decide whether the statement is true or false. At that time, fuzzy logic offers very valuable flexibility for reasoning. We can also consider the uncertainties of any situation.
Fuzzy logic algorithm helps to solve a problem after considering all available data. Then it takes the best possible decision for the given the input. The FL method imitates the way of decision making in a human which consider all the possibilities between digital values T and F.
The inventor of fuzzy logic, Lotfi Zadeh, observed that unlike computers, the human decision making includes a range of possibilities between YES and NO.

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Option: A
Explanation :A firewall is a network security system that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predetermined security rules. A firewall typically establishes a barrier between a trusted internal network and untrusted external network, such as the Internet.
Firewalls are often categorized as either network firewalls or host-based firewalls. Network firewalls filter traffic between two or more networks and run on network hardware. Host-based firewalls run on host computers and control network traffic in and out of those machines.

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Option: B
Explanation :Stands for “First In, First Out.” FIFO is a method of processing and retrieving data. In a FIFO system, the first items entered are the first ones to be removed. In other words, the items are removed in the same order they are entered.

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Option: C
Explanation :Google stands alone in its focus on developing the “perfect search engine,” defined by co-founder Larry Page as something that, “understands exactly what you mean and gives you back exactly what you want.” To that end, Google has persistently pursued innovation and refused to accept the limitations of existing models. As a result, Google developed its own serving infrastructure and breakthrough PageRank technology that changed the way searches are conducted.

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Option: B
Explanation :Structured decisions are routine. They are Repetitive/Short term. They followed definite procedures. They are lay down norms. Situations are known. They are taken at lower or operating levels in the organization.

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Option: D
Explanation :Structured decisions are routine. They are Repetitive/Short term. They followed definite procedures. They are lay down norms. Situations are known. They are taken at lower or operating levels in the organization.

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