Computer Science

Option: B
Explanation : A simple system is one in which there are a few interrelated entities whereas a complex system is one in which there a lot of components with a lot of interrelations among them.
A bicycle may be considered as an example of a simple system whereas a motorcycle may be considered a complex system. In the bicycle, the number of entities and subsystems are very few, whereas in a motorcycle the number of entities, subsystems and their interrelations are many. Each subsystem in a motorcycle may itself be considered as a simple system.

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Option: A
Explanation : A simple system is one in which there are a few interrelated entities whereas a complex system is one in which there a lot of components with a lot of interrelations among them.
A bicycle may be considered as an example of a simple system whereas a motorcycle may be considered a complex system. In the bicycle, the number of entities and subsystems are very few, whereas in a motorcycle the number of entities, subsystems and their interrelations are many. Each subsystem in a motorcycle may itself be considered as a simple system.

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Option: B
Explanation : Concrete systems are systems in which at least two components are objects. Concrete systems can be physical or social systems.
An abstract system is an ordered arrangement of concepts. Abstract systems can be procedural or conceptual.

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Option: A
Explanation : An abstract system is an ordered arrangement of concepts. Abstract systems can be procedural or conceptual.
Concrete systems are systems in which at least two components are objects. Concrete systems can be physical or social systems.

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Option: B
Explanation : Random systems are completely unpredictable systems. One is completely unaware of the components and their relationships with each other and hence, the output is random. An example of random system is the transport system. Given an input one is not sure about the output.

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Option: B
Explanation : A system is said to be open when it interacts with the environment in which it exists. It exchanges inputs and outputs with the environment.

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Option: D
Explanation :Stackable hubs work just like standalone hubs, except that several of them can be “stacked” or connected together with short lengths of special cable. When they are connected together, they act like a modular hub, because they can be managed as a single unit. These hubs are ideal those who want to start with a minimal investment, but realize that the LAN will grow.
Low-end stand alone hubs are single products with a number of ports. Standalone hubs usually include some method of linking them to other standalone hubs for network expansion. Standalone hubs are usually the least expensive type of hub, and are best suited for small, independent workgroups, departments, or offices, typically with fewer than 12 users per LAN.

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Option: C
Explanation :ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) is an error-reporting protocol network devices like routers use to generate error messages to the source IP address when network problems prevent delivery of IP packets. ICMP creates and sends messages to the source IP address indicating that a gateway to the Internet that a router, service or host cannot be reached for packet delivery. Any IP network device has the capability to send, receive or process ICMP messages.
ICMP messages are transmitted as datagrams and consist of an IP header that encapsulates the ICMP data. ICMP packets are IP packets with ICMP in the IP data portion. ICMP messages also contain the entire IP header from the original message, so the end system knows which packet failed

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Option: B
Explanation :The DHCP employs a connectionless service model, using the User Datagram Protocol (UDP). It is implemented with two UDP port numbers for its operations.The DHCP employs a connectionless service model, using the User Datagram Protocol (UDP). It is implemented with two UDP port numbers for its operations
UDP (User Datagram Protocol) is an alternative communications protocol to Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) used primarily for establishing low-latency and loss-tolerating connections between applications on the internet.
Both UDP and TCP run on top of the Internet Protocol (IP) and are sometimes referred to as UDP/IP or TCP/IP.Where UDP enables process-to-process communication, TCP supports host-to-host communication. TCP sends individual packets and is considered a reliable transport medium; UDP sends messages, called datagrams, and is considered a best-effort mode of communications.

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Option: C
Explanation :The command line vty 0 4 places you in a prompt that will allow you to set or change your Telnet password.

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